Python 中列表和数组的比较
Python 列表
Python 编程语言有四种集合数据类型，即列表、元组、集合和字典。列表是一个可变的有序集合，也就是说，列表的元素可以被改变，并且它保持其条目的插入顺序。由于保持顺序的特性，列表的每个元素都有一个固定的索引，并且允许列表有重复的元素。在 Python 中，列表非常有用，因为它能够包含非同构元素。
以下是可以在列表中执行的一些操作:
# Python program to demonstrate
# some operations on list
# Declaring a List of integers
IntList = [10, 20, 30]
print("List of numbers: ")
# Printing the list
print(IntList)
# Declaring a List of strings
StrList = ["Geeks", "For", "Geeks"]
print("List of Strings: ")
# Printing the list
print(StrList)
# Declaring a list of non-homogeneous elements
Non_homogeneous_list = [10, "Geeks", 20.890,\
"for", 30, "geeks"]
print("List of non-homogeneous elements: ")
# Printing the list
print(Non_homogeneous_list)
# Printing size of a list
print("Size of the Non-homogeneous list: ",\
len(Non_homogeneous_list))
# Declaring a list
NewList = ["Geeks", "for", "Geeks"]
print("Original List: ", NewList)
# Adding an item to the list
# Adding an item in the list
# using the append method
NewList.append("the")
# Printing the modified list
print("After adding an element the"\
"list becomes: ")
print(NewList)
# Adding an item in the list using the insert
# method to add an element at a specific position
NewList.insert(3, "is")
# Printing the modified list
print("After adding an element at"\
"index 3 the list becomes: ")
print(NewList)
# Adding multiple items to the list at the
# end using extend method
NewList.extend(["best", "CS", "website"])
# Printing the modified list
print("After adding 3 elements at the"\
"end, the list becomes: ")
print(NewList)
# Removing an item from the list
# Removing an element by
# writing the element itself
NewList.remove("the")
# Printing the modified list
print("After removing an element"\
"the list becomes: ")
print(NewList)
# Removing an element by
# specifying its position
NewList.pop(3)
# Printing the modified list
print("After removing an element "\
"from index 3 the list becomes: ")
print(NewList)
输出:
List of numbers:
[10, 20, 30]
List of Strings:
['Geeks', 'For', 'Geeks']
List of non-homogeneous elements:
[10, 'Geeks', 20.89, 'for', 30, 'geeks']
Size of the Non-homogeneous list: 6
Original List: ['Geeks', 'for', 'Geeks']
After adding an element thelist becomes:
['Geeks', 'for', 'Geeks', 'the']
After adding an element atindex 3 the list becomes:
['Geeks', 'for', 'Geeks', 'is', 'the']
After adding 3 elements at theend, the list becomes:
['Geeks', 'for', 'Geeks', 'is', 'the', 'best', 'CS', 'website']
After removing an elementthe list becomes:
['Geeks', 'for', 'Geeks', 'is', 'best', 'CS', 'website']
After removing an element from index 3 the list becomes:
['Geeks', 'for', 'Geeks', 'best', 'CS', 'website']
要获得更多关于 python 列表的深入知识，请点击这里的。
Python 数组
Python 数组也是一个集合，但是它的项目存储在连续的内存位置。它只能存储同类元素(相同数据类型的元素)。数组在对元素执行数学运算时非常有用。与列表不同，数组不能直接声明。要创建数组，必须导入array模块，声明的语法与列表的语法不同。
以下是可以在阵列上执行的一些操作:
# Python program to demonstrate
# some operations on arrays
# importing array module
import array as arr
# declaring an array of integer type
# 'i' signifies integer type and
# elements inside [] are the array elements
a1 = arr.array('i', [10, 20, 30])
# printing array with
# data type and elements
print("Array a1: ", a1)
# printing elements of array
print ("Elements of the array"\
"a1 is : ", end = " ")
for i in range (len(a1)):
print (a1[i], end =", ")
print()
# Declaring an array of float type
# 'd' signifies integer type and
# elements inside [] are the array elements
a2 = arr.array('d', [1.5, 2.4, 3.9])
# printing elements of array
print ("Elements of the array"\
"a2 is : ", end = " ")
for i in range (len(a2)):
print (a2[i], end =", ")
print()
# Adding an item to the array
# Printing the elements of array a1
print ("Original elements of the"\
"array a1 is : ", end = " ")
print(*a1)
# Adding an element at the end of
# array by using the append method
a1.append(40)
# printing the modified array
print ("Elements of the array a1"\
"after adding an element"\
"at last: ", end = " ")
print(*a1)
# Adding an element to the array at a
# specific index using the insert method
a1.insert(3, 35)
# printing the modified array
print ("Elements of the array a1"\
"after adding an element"\
"at index 3: ", end = " ")
print(*a1)
# Removing an element from the array
# Removing an element by writing the elements itself
a1.remove(20)
# Printing the modified array
print("Array a1 after removing"\
"element 20: ", end = " ")
print(*a1)
# Removing an element of a specific index
# Removing the element of array a1 present at index 2
a1.pop(2)
# Printing the modified array
print("Array a1 after removing"\
"element of index 2: ", end = " ")
print(*a1)
输出:
Array a1: array('i', [10, 20, 30])
Elements of the arraya1 is : 10, 20, 30,
Elements of the arraya2 is : 1.5, 2.4, 3.9,
Original elements of thearray a1 is : 10 20 30
Elements of the array a1after adding an elementat last: 10 20 30 40
Elements of the array a1after adding an elementat index 3: 10 20 30 35 40
Array a1 after removingelement 20: 10 30 35 40
Array a1 after removingelement of index 2: 10 30 40
要获得更多关于 python 数组的深入知识，请点击这里的。
Python 列表和数组的相似之处
数组和列表都用于存储数据:两个集合的目的都是存储数据。虽然列表用于存储同类和非同类数据，但数组只能存储同类数据。
# Python program to demonstrate data
# storing similarities in array and list
# importing array module
import array as arr
# Declaring a Homogeneous List of strings
Homogeneous_List = ["Geeks", "For", "Geeks"]
print("List of Strings: ")
# Printing the list
print(Homogeneous_List)
# Declaring a list of
# non-homogeneous elements
Non_homogeneous_list = [10, "Geeks",\
20.890, "for", 30, "geeks"]
print("List of non-homogeneous elements: ")
# Printing the list
print(Non_homogeneous_list)
# declaring an array of float type
# 'd' signifies integer type and
# elements inside [] are the array elements
Homogeneous_array = arr.array('d',\
[1.5, 2.4, 3.9])
# printing elements of array
print ("Elements of the array is"\
" : ", end = " ")
for i in range (len(Homogeneous_array)):
print (Homogeneous_array[i], end =", ")
输出:
List of Strings:
['Geeks', 'For', 'Geeks']
List of non-homogeneous elements:
[10, 'Geeks', 20.89, 'for', 30, 'geeks']
Elements of the array is : 1.5, 2.4, 3.9,
列表和数组都是可变的:列表和数组都可以修改它们的元素，即它们是可变的。
# Python program to demonstrate
# both the list and array is mutable
# importing array module
import array as arr
# Declaring a list
List1 = ["Geeks", 1, "Geeks"]
# Printing original list
print("Original list: ", List1)
# Changing the value of the
# element at a specific index
List1[1] = "for"
# Printing modified list
print("\nModified list: ", List1)
# Declaring an array with integers values
Array1 = arr.array('i', \
[10, 20, 30, 37, 50, ])
# Printing original array
print ("\nOriginal array: ", end =" ")
for i in range (len(Array1)):
print (Array1[i], end =" ")
# Updating an element in the array
Array1[3] = 40
# Printing modified Array:
print("\nModified array: ", end ="")
for i in range (len(Array1)):
print (Array1[i], end =" ")
输出:
Original list: ['Geeks', 1, 'Geeks']
Modified list: ['Geeks', 'for', 'Geeks']
Original array: 10 20 30 37 50
Modified array: 10 20 30 40 50
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