寻找两个排序链表交集的 Java 程序

原文:https://www . geesforgeks . org/Java-寻找两个排序链表交集的程序/

给定两个按递增顺序排序的列表,创建并返回一个表示这两个列表交集的新列表。新的列表应该有自己的记忆——原来的列表不应该改变。

示例:

Input: 
First linked list: 1->2->3->4->6
Second linked list be 2->4->6->8, 
Output: 2->4->6.
The elements 2, 4, 6 are common in 
both the list so they appear in the 
intersection list. 

Input: 
First linked list: 1->2->3->4->5
Second linked list be 2->3->4, 
Output: 2->3->4
The elements 2, 3, 4 are common in 
both the list so they appear in the 
intersection list.

方法 1 : 使用虚拟节点。 方法: 想法是在结果列表的开头使用一个临时伪节点。指针尾部总是指向结果列表中的最后一个节点,因此可以轻松添加新节点。伪节点最初给尾部一个内存空间来指向。这个虚拟节点是有效的,因为它只是临时的,并且是在堆栈中分配的。循环继续,从“a”或“b”中删除一个节点,并将其添加到尾部。当遍历给定的列表时,结果是伪的。接下来,当从虚拟的下一个节点分配值时。如果两个元素相等,则移除两个元素并将元素插入尾部。否则删除两个列表中较小的元素。

下面是上述方法的实现:

Java 语言(一种计算机语言,尤用于创建网站)

// Java program to implement
// the above approach
class GFG 
{  
    // Head nodes for pointing to 
    // 1st and 2nd linked lists
    static Node a = null, b = null;

    // Dummy node for storing 
    // intersection
    static Node dummy = null;

    // Tail node for keeping track of 
    // last node so that it makes easy 
    // for insertion
    static Node tail = null;

    // class - Node
    static class Node 
    {
        int data;
        Node next;

        Node(int data) 
        {
            this.data = data;
            next = null;
        }
    }

    // Function for printing the list
    void printList(Node start) 
    {
        Node p = start;
        while (p != null) 
        {
            System.out.print(p.data + " ");
            p = p.next;
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    // Inserting elements into list
    void push(int data) 
    {
        Node temp = new Node(data);
        if(dummy == null) 
        {
            dummy = temp;
            tail = temp;
        }
        else 
        {
            tail.next = temp;
            tail = temp;
        }
    }

    // Function for finding intersection 
    // and adding it to dummy list 
    void sortedIntersect()
    {      
        // Pointers for iterating
        Node p = a,q = b;
        while(p != null  &&  q != null)
        {
            if(p.data == q.data)
            {
                // Add to dummy list
                push(p.data);
                p = p.next;
                q = q.next;
            }
            else if(p.data < q.data)
                p = p.next;
            else
                q= q.next;
        }
    }

    // Driver code
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        GFG list = new GFG();

        // Creating first linked list
        list.a = new Node(1);
        list.a.next = new Node(2);
        list.a.next.next = new Node(3);
        list.a.next.next.next = new Node(4);
        list.a.next.next.next.next = new Node(6);

        // Creating second linked list
        list.b = new Node(2);
        list.b.next = new Node(4);
        list.b.next.next = new Node(6);
        list.b.next.next.next = new Node(8);

        // Function call for intersection
        list.sortedIntersect();

        // Print required intersection
        System.out.println(
               "Linked list containing common items of a & b");
        list.printList(dummy);
    }
}
// This code is contributed by Likhita AVL

输出:

Linked list containing common items of a & b 
2 4 6 

复杂度分析:

  • 时间复杂度: O(m+n),其中 m 和 n 分别是第一和第二链表中的节点数。 只需要遍历列表一次。
  • 辅助空间: O(min(m,n))。 输出列表最多可以存储(m,n)个节点。

方法 2: 使用哈希

Java 语言(一种计算机语言,尤用于创建网站)

// Java program to implement
// the above approach
import java.util.*;

public class LinkedList 
{
    Node head;
    static class Node 
    {
        int data;
        Node next;            

        Node(int d)  
        { 
            data = d;  
            next=null;                 
     }
}
public void printList() 
{
    Node n = head;
    while(n != null) 
    {
        System.out.println(n.data + " ");
        n = n.next;
    }
}

public void append(int d) 
{
    Node n = new Node(d);
    if(head== null) 
    {
        head = new Node(d);
        return;
    }

    n.next = null;
    Node last = head;
    while(last.next !=null) 
    {
        last = last.next;
    }
    last.next = n;
    return;            
}

static int[] intersection(Node tmp1, 
                          Node tmp2, int k) 
{
    int[] res = new int[k];
    HashSet<Integer> set = new HashSet<Integer>();
    while(tmp1 != null) 
    {                
        set.add(tmp1.data);
        tmp1 = tmp1.next;
    }

    int cnt = 0;

    while(tmp2 != null) 
    {
        if(set.contains(tmp2.data)) 
        {
            res[cnt] = tmp2.data;
            cnt++;
        }
        tmp2 = tmp2.next;
    }
    return res;

}

// Driver code     
public static void main(String[] args) 
{
    LinkedList ll = new LinkedList();
    LinkedList ll1 = new LinkedList();

    ll.append(0);
    ll.append(1);
    ll.append(2);
    ll.append(3);
    ll.append(4);
    ll.append(5);
    ll.append(6);
    ll.append(7);         

    ll1.append(9);
    ll1.append(0);
    ll1.append(12);
    ll1.append(3);
    ll1.append(4);
    ll1.append(5);
    ll1.append(6);
    ll1.append(7);
    int[] arr= intersection(ll.head, 
                            ll1.head,6);
    for(int i : arr) 
    {
        System.out.println(i);
    }     
}
// This code is contributed by ayyuce demirbas

输出:

0
3
4
5
6
7

复杂度分析:

  • 时间复杂度:0(n)

更多详情请参考完整文章两个排序链表的交集