检查给定的图形是否代表总线拓扑
给定一个图形 G ，检查它是否代表总线拓扑。 总线拓扑如下图所示:
例:
Input:
Output: YES
Input:
Output: NO
如果 V 顶点的图满足以下两个条件，则表示总线拓扑:
- 除了开始和结束节点外，每个节点都有 2 级，而开始和结束节点都有 1 级。
- 边数=顶点数–1。
思路是遍历图，检查是否满足以上两个条件。如果是，则表示总线拓扑。 以下是上述方法的实现:
卡片打印处理机（Card Print Processor 的缩写）
// CPP program to check if the given graph
// represents a bus topology
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
// A utility function to add an edge in an
// undirected graph.
void addEdge(vector<int> adj[], int u, int v)
{
adj[u].push_back(v);
adj[v].push_back(u);
}
// A utility function to print the adjacency list
// representation of graph
void printGraph(vector<int> adj[], int V)
{
for (int v = 0; v < V; ++v) {
cout << "\n Adjacency list of vertex "
<< v << "\n head ";
for (auto x : adj[v])
cout << "-> " << x;
printf("\n");
}
}
/* Function to return true if the graph represented
by the adjacency list represents a bus topology
else return false */
bool checkBusTopologyUtil(vector<int> adj[], int V, int E)
{
// Number of edges should be equal
// to (Number of vertices - 1)
if (E != (V - 1))
return false;
// a single node is termed as a bus topology
if (V == 1)
return true;
int* vertexDegree = new int[V + 1];
memset(vertexDegree, 0, sizeof vertexDegree);
// calculate the degree of each vertex
for (int i = 1; i <= V; i++) {
for (auto v : adj[i]) {
vertexDegree[v]++;
}
}
// countDegree2 - number of vertices with degree 2
// countDegree1 - number of vertices with degree 1
int countDegree2 = 0, countDegree1 = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= V; i++) {
if (vertexDegree[i] == 2) {
countDegree2++;
}
else if (vertexDegree[i] == 1) {
countDegree1++;
}
else {
// if any node has degree other
// than 1 or 2, it is
// NOT a bus topology
return false;
}
}
// if both necessary conditions as discussed,
// satisfy return true
if (countDegree1 == 2 && countDegree2 == (V - 2)) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
// Function to check if the graph represents a bus topology
void checkBusTopology(vector<int> adj[], int V, int E)
{
bool isBus = checkBusTopologyUtil(adj, V, E);
if (isBus) {
cout << "YES" << endl;
}
else {
cout << "NO" << endl;
}
}
// Driver code
int main()
{
// Graph 1
int V = 5, E = 4;
vector<int> adj1[V + 1];
addEdge(adj1, 1, 2);
addEdge(adj1, 1, 3);
addEdge(adj1, 3, 4);
addEdge(adj1, 4, 5);
checkBusTopology(adj1, V, E);
// Graph 2
V = 4, E = 4;
vector<int> adj2[V + 1];
addEdge(adj2, 1, 2);
addEdge(adj2, 1, 3);
addEdge(adj2, 3, 4);
addEdge(adj2, 4, 2);
checkBusTopology(adj2, V, E);
return 0;
}
Java 语言(一种计算机语言，尤用于创建网站)
// java program to check if the given graph
// represents a bus topology
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
class GFG
{
// A utility function to add an edge in an
// undirected graph.
static void addEdge(ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> adj, int u, int v)
{
adj.get(u).add(v);
adj.get(v).add(u);
}
// A utility function to print the adjacency list
// representation of graph
static void printGraph(ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> adj, int V)
{
for (int v = 0; v < V; ++v)
{
System.out.print("\n Adjacency list of vertex " + v + "\n head ");
for (int x : adj.get(v))
{
System.out.print( "-> " + x);
}
System.out.println();
}
}
/* Function to return true if the graph represented
by the adjacency list represents a bus topology
else return false */
static boolean checkBusTopologyUtil(ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> adj, int V, int E)
{
// Number of edges should be equal
// to (Number of vertices - 1)
if (E != (V - 1))
{
return false;
}
// a single node is termed as a bus topology
if (V == 1)
{
return true;
}
int[] vertexDegree = new int[V + 1];
// calculate the degree of each vertex
for (int i = 1; i <= V; i++)
{
for (int v : adj.get(i))
{
vertexDegree[v]++;
}
}
// countDegree2 - number of vertices with degree 2
// countDegree1 - number of vertices with degree 1
int countDegree2 = 0, countDegree1 = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= V; i++)
{
if (vertexDegree[i] == 2)
{
countDegree2++;
}
else if (vertexDegree[i] == 1)
{
countDegree1++;
}
else
{
// if any node has degree other
// than 1 or 2, it is
// NOT a bus topology
return false;
}
}
// if both necessary conditions as discussed,
// satisfy return true
if (countDegree1 == 2 && countDegree2 == (V - 2))
{
return true;
}
return false;
}
// Function to check if the graph represents a bus topology
static void checkBusTopology(ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> adj, int V, int E)
{
boolean isBus = checkBusTopologyUtil(adj, V, E);
if (isBus)
{
System.out.println("YES");
}
else
{
System.out.println("NO");
}
}
// Driver code
public static void main (String[] args)
{
// Graph 1
int V = 5, E = 4;
ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> adj1=
new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
for(int i = 0; i < V + 1; i++)
{
adj1.add(new ArrayList<Integer>());
}
addEdge(adj1, 1, 2);
addEdge(adj1, 1, 3);
addEdge(adj1, 3, 4);
addEdge(adj1, 4, 5);
checkBusTopology(adj1, V, E);
// Graph 2
V = 4;
E = 4;
ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> adj2 =
new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
for(int i = 0; i < (V + 1); i++)
{
adj2.add(new ArrayList<Integer>());
}
addEdge(adj2, 1, 2);
addEdge(adj2, 1, 3);
addEdge(adj2, 3, 4);
addEdge(adj2, 4, 2);
checkBusTopology(adj2, V, E);
}
}
// This code is contributed by rag2127
Python 3
# Python3 program to check if the given graph
# represents a bus topology
# A utility function to add an edge in an
# undirected graph.
def addEdge(adj, u, v):
adj[u].append(v)
adj[v].append(u)
# A utility function to print the adjacency list
# representation of graph
def printGraph(adj, V):
for v in range(V):
print("Adjacency list of vertex ",v,"\n head ")
for x in adj[v]:
print("-> ",x,end=" ")
printf()
# /* Function to return true if the graph represented
# by the adjacency list represents a bus topology
# else return false */
def checkBusTopologyUtil(adj, V, E):
# Number of edges should be equal
# to (Number of vertices - 1)
if (E != (V - 1)):
return False
# a single node is termed as a bus topology
if (V == 1):
return True
vertexDegree = [0]*(V + 1)
# calculate the degree of each vertex
for i in range(V + 1):
for v in adj[i]:
vertexDegree[v] += 1
# countDegree2 - number of vertices with degree 2
# countDegree1 - number of vertices with degree 1
countDegree2,countDegree1 = 0,0
for i in range(1, V + 1):
if (vertexDegree[i] == 2):
countDegree2 += 1
elif (vertexDegree[i] == 1):
countDegree1 += 1
else:
# if any node has degree other
# than 1 or 2, it is
# NOT a bus topology
return False
# if both necessary conditions as discussed,
# satisfy return true
if (countDegree1 == 2 and countDegree2 == (V - 2)):
return True
return False
# Function to check if the graph represents a bus topology
def checkBusTopology(adj, V, E):
isBus = checkBusTopologyUtil(adj, V, E)
if (isBus):
print("YES")
else:
print("NO" )
# Driver code
# Graph 1
V, E = 5, 4
adj1 = [[] for i in range(V + 1)]
addEdge(adj1, 1, 2)
addEdge(adj1, 1, 3)
addEdge(adj1, 3, 4)
addEdge(adj1, 4, 5)
checkBusTopology(adj1, V, E)
# Graph 2
V, E = 4, 4
adj2 = [[] for i in range(V + 1)]
addEdge(adj2, 1, 2)
addEdge(adj2, 1, 3)
addEdge(adj2, 3, 4)
addEdge(adj2, 4, 2)
checkBusTopology(adj2, V, E)
# This code is contributed by mohit kumar 29
C
// C# program to check if the given graph
// represents a bus topology
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
public class GFG{
// A utility function to add an edge in an
// undirected graph.
static void addEdge(List<List<int>> adj, int u, int v)
{
adj[u].Add(v);
adj[v].Add(u);
}
// A utility function to print the adjacency list
// representation of graph
static void printGraph(List<List<int>> adj, int V)
{
for (int v = 0; v < V; ++v)
{
Console.WriteLine("\n Adjacency list of vertex " + v + "\n head ");
foreach (int x in adj[v])
{
Console.Write( "-> " + x);
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
/* Function to return true if the graph represented
by the adjacency list represents a bus topology
else return false */
static bool checkBusTopologyUtil(List<List<int>> adj, int V, int E)
{
// Number of edges should be equal
// to (Number of vertices - 1)
if (E != (V - 1))
{
return false;
}
// a single node is termed as a bus topology
if (V == 1)
{
return true;
}
int[] vertexDegree = new int[V + 1];
// calculate the degree of each vertex
for (int i = 1; i <= V; i++)
{
foreach (int v in adj[i])
{
vertexDegree[v]++;
}
}
// countDegree2 - number of vertices with degree 2
// countDegree1 - number of vertices with degree 1
int countDegree2 = 0, countDegree1 = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= V; i++)
{
if (vertexDegree[i] == 2)
{
countDegree2++;
}
else if (vertexDegree[i] == 1)
{
countDegree1++;
}
else
{
// if any node has degree other
// than 1 or 2, it is
// NOT a bus topology
return false;
}
}
// if both necessary conditions as discussed,
// satisfy return true
if (countDegree1 == 2 && countDegree2 == (V - 2))
{
return true;
}
return false;
}
// Function to check if the graph represents a bus topology
static void checkBusTopology(List<List<int>> adj, int V, int E)
{
bool isBus = checkBusTopologyUtil(adj, V, E);
if (isBus)
{
Console.WriteLine("YES");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("NO");
}
}
// Driver code
static public void Main ()
{
// Graph 1
int V = 5, E = 4;
List<List<int>> adj1 = new List<List<int>>();
for(int i = 0; i < V + 1; i++)
{
adj1.Add(new List<int>());
}
addEdge(adj1, 1, 2);
addEdge(adj1, 1, 3);
addEdge(adj1, 3, 4);
addEdge(adj1, 4, 5);
checkBusTopology(adj1, V, E);
// Graph 2
V = 4;
E = 4;
List<List<int>> adj2 = new List<List<int>>();
for(int i = 0; i < V + 1; i++)
{
adj2.Add(new List<int>());
}
addEdge(adj2, 1, 2);
addEdge(adj2, 1, 3);
addEdge(adj2, 3, 4);
addEdge(adj2, 4, 2);
checkBusTopology(adj2, V, E);
}
}
// This code is contributed by avanitrachhadiya2155
java 描述语言
<script>
// JavaScript program to check if the given graph
// represents a bus topology
// A utility function to add an edge in an
// undirected graph.
function addEdge(adj,u,v)
{
adj[u].push(v);
adj[v].push(u);
}
// A utility function to print the adjacency list
// representation of graph
function printGraph(adj,V)
{
for (let v = 0; v < V; ++v)
{
document.write("\n Adjacency list of vertex " +
v + "\n head ");
for (let x=0;x<adj[v].length;x++)
{
document.write( "-> " + adj[v][x]);
}
document.write("<br>");
}
}
/* Function to return true if the graph represented
by the adjacency list represents a bus topology
else return false */
function checkBusTopologyUtil(adj,V,E)
{
// Number of edges should be equal
// to (Number of vertices - 1)
if (E != (V - 1))
{
return false;
}
// a single node is termed as a bus topology
if (V == 1)
{
return true;
}
let vertexDegree = new Array(V + 1);
for(let i=0;i<vertexDegree.length;i++)
{
vertexDegree[i]=0;
}
// calculate the degree of each vertex
for (let i = 1; i <= V; i++)
{
for (let v=0;v<adj[i].length;v++)
{
vertexDegree[adj[i][v]]++;
}
}
// countDegree2 - number of vertices with degree 2
// countDegree1 - number of vertices with degree 1
let countDegree2 = 0, countDegree1 = 0;
for (let i = 1; i <= V; i++)
{
if (vertexDegree[i] == 2)
{
countDegree2++;
}
else if (vertexDegree[i] == 1)
{
countDegree1++;
}
else
{
// if any node has degree other
// than 1 or 2, it is
// NOT a bus topology
return false;
}
}
// if both necessary conditions as discussed,
// satisfy return true
if (countDegree1 == 2 && countDegree2 == (V - 2))
{
return true;
}
return false;
}
// Function to check if the graph represents a bus topology
function checkBusTopology(adj,V,E)
{
let isBus = checkBusTopologyUtil(adj, V, E);
if (isBus)
{
document.write("YES<br>");
}
else
{
document.write("NO<br>");
}
}
// Driver code
// Graph 1
let V = 5, E = 4;
let adj1=[];
for(let i = 0; i < V + 1; i++)
{
adj1.push([]);
}
addEdge(adj1, 1, 2);
addEdge(adj1, 1, 3);
addEdge(adj1, 3, 4);
addEdge(adj1, 4, 5);
checkBusTopology(adj1, V, E);
// Graph 2
V = 4;
E = 4;
let adj2 = [];
for(let i = 0; i < (V + 1); i++)
{
adj2.push([]);
}
addEdge(adj2, 1, 2);
addEdge(adj2, 1, 3);
addEdge(adj2, 3, 4);
addEdge(adj2, 4, 2);
checkBusTopology(adj2, V, E);
// This code is contributed by patel2127
</script>
Output:
YES
NO
时间复杂度: O(E)，其中 E 为图中的边数。 辅助空间 : O(1)。
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