在 Golang 中嵌入接口
原文:https://www . geesforgeks . org/embedding-interfaces-in-golang/
在 Go 语言中，接口是方法签名的集合，它也是一种类型，意味着您可以创建一个接口类型的变量。我们知道 Go 语言不支持继承，但是 Go 接口完全支持嵌入。在嵌入中，一个接口可以嵌入其他接口，或者一个接口可以在其中嵌入其他接口的方法签名，两者的结果与示例 1 和示例 2 所示相同。您可以在单个接口中嵌入任意数量的接口。当一个接口嵌入其他接口时，如果我们对接口的方法做了任何更改，那么它也会反映在嵌入的接口中，如示例 3 所示。
语法:
type interface_name1 interface {
Method1()
}
type interface_name2 interface {
Method2()
}
type finalinterface_name interface {
interface_name1
interface_name2
}
or
type interface_name1 interface {
Method1()
}
type interface_name2 interface {
Method2()
}
type finalinterface_name interface {
Method1()
Method2()
}
例 1:
// Go program to illustrate the concept
// of the embedding interfaces
package main
import "fmt"
// Interface 1
type AuthorDetails interface {
details()
}
// Interface 2
type AuthorArticles interface {
articles()
}
// Interface 3
// Interface 3 embedded with
// interface 1 and 2
type FinalDetails interface {
AuthorDetails
AuthorArticles
}
// Structure
type author struct {
a_name string
branch string
college string
year int
salary int
particles int
tarticles int
}
// Implementing method of
// the interface 1
func (a author) details() {
fmt.Printf("Author Name: %s", a.a_name)
fmt.Printf("\nBranch: %s and passing year: %d",
a.branch, a.year)
fmt.Printf("\nCollege Name: %s", a.college)
fmt.Printf("\nSalary: %d", a.salary)
fmt.Printf("\nPublished articles: %d", a.particles)
}
// Implementing method
// of the interface 2
func (a author) articles() {
pendingarticles := a.tarticles - a.particles
fmt.Printf("\nPending articles: %d", pendingarticles)
}
// Main value
func main() {
// Assigning values
// to the structure
values := author{
a_name: "Mickey",
branch: "Computer science",
college: "XYZ",
year: 2012,
salary: 50000,
particles: 209,
tarticles: 309,
}
// Accessing the methods of
// the interface 1 and 2
// Using FinalDetails interface
var f FinalDetails = values
f.details()
f.articles()
}
输出:
Author Name: Mickey
Branch: Computer science and passing year: 2012
College Name: XYZ
Salary: 50000
Published articles: 209
Pending articles: 100
说明:如上例所示，我们有三个接口。接口 1 和 2 是简单的接口，接口 3 是嵌入式接口，其中包含 1 和 2 接口。因此，如果接口 1 和接口 2 发生任何变化，都会反映在接口 3 中。接口 3 可以访问接口 1 和 2 中的所有方法。
例 2:
// Go program to illustrate the
// concept of embedding interfaces
package main
import "fmt"
// Interface 1
type AuthorDetails interface {
details()
}
// Interface 2
type AuthorArticles interface {
articles()
}
// Interface 3
// Interface 3 embedded with
// interface 1 and 2's methods
type FinalDetails interface {
details()
articles()
}
// Structure
type author struct {
a_name string
branch string
college string
year int
salary int
particles int
tarticles int
}
// Implementing method of
// the interface 1
func (a author) details() {
fmt.Printf("Author Name: %s", a.a_name)
fmt.Printf("\nBranch: %s and passing year: %d", a.branch, a.year)
fmt.Printf("\nCollege Name: %s", a.college)
fmt.Printf("\nSalary: %d", a.salary)
fmt.Printf("\nPublished articles: %d", a.particles)
}
// Implementing method
// of the interface 2
func (a author) articles() {
pendingarticles := a.tarticles - a.particles
fmt.Printf("\nPending articles: %d", pendingarticles)
}
// Main value
func main() {
// Assigning values
// to the structure
values := author{
a_name: "Mickey",
branch: "Computer science",
college: "XYZ",
year: 2012,
salary: 50000,
particles: 209,
tarticles: 309,
}
// Accessing the methods
// of the interface 1 and 2
// Using FinalDetails interface
var f FinalDetails = values
f.details()
f.articles()
}
输出:
Author Name: Mickey
Branch: Computer science and passing year: 2012
College Name: XYZ
Salary: 50000
Published articles: 209
Pending articles: 100
说明:如上例所示，我们有三个接口。接口 1 和 2 是简单的接口，接口 3 是嵌入式接口，其中包含 1 和 2 接口方法签名。因此，如果接口 1 和接口 2 的方法发生任何变化，它将反映在接口 3 中。接口 3 可以访问接口 1 和 2 中的所有方法。
例 3:
// Go program to illustrate the concept
// of the embedding interfaces
package main
import "fmt"
// Interface 1
type AuthorDetails interface {
details()
}
// Interface 2
type AuthorArticles interface {
articles()
picked()
}
// Interface 3
// Interface 3 embedded with interface
// 1's method and interface 2
// And also contain its own method
type FinalDetails interface {
details()
AuthorArticles
cdeatils()
}
// Structure
type author struct {
a_name string
branch string
college string
year int
salary int
particles int
tarticles int
cid int
post string
pick int
}
// Implementing method
// of the interface 1
func (a author) details() {
fmt.Printf("Author Name: %s", a.a_name)
fmt.Printf("\nBranch: %s and passing year: %d", a.branch, a.year)
fmt.Printf("\nCollege Name: %s", a.college)
fmt.Printf("\nSalary: %d", a.salary)
fmt.Printf("\nPublished articles: %d", a.particles)
}
// Implementing methods
// of the interface 2
func (a author) articles() {
pendingarticles := a.tarticles - a.particles
fmt.Printf("\nPending articles: %d", pendingarticles)
}
func (a author) picked() {
fmt.Printf("\nTotal number of picked articles: %d", a.pick)
}
// Implementing the method
// of the embedded interface
func (a author) cdeatils() {
fmt.Printf("\nAuthor Id: %d", a.cid)
fmt.Printf("\nPost: %s", a.post)
}
// Main value
func main() {
// Assigning values to the structure
values := author{
a_name: "Mickey",
branch: "Computer science",
college: "XYZ",
year: 2012,
salary: 50000,
particles: 209,
tarticles: 309,
cid: 3087,
post: "Technical content writer",
pick: 58,
}
// Accessing the methods
// of the interface 1 and 2
// Using FinalDetails interface
var f FinalDetails = values
f.details()
f.articles()
f.picked()
f.cdeatils()
}
输出:
Author Name: Mickey
Branch: Computer science and passing year: 2012
College Name: XYZ
Salary: 50000
Published articles: 209
Pending articles: 100
Total number of picked articles: 58
Author Id: 3087
Post: Technical content writer
说明:如上例所示，我们有三个接口。接口 1 和 2 是简单的接口，接口 3 是嵌入式接口，它保存接口 1 的方法签名、接口 2 和它自己的方法。因此，如果接口 1 的方法和接口 2 发生任何变化，它将反映在接口 3 中。接口 3 可以访问其中的所有方法，包括接口 1、2 和它自己的方法。
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