如何在安卓系统中编程振动设备？
当涉及到用户体验时，肝反馈也被考虑在内。所以在这个讨论中，已经讨论了各种类型的触觉或者设备的振动类型。例如，点击触觉或长按按钮触觉。触觉反馈中讨论了五种不同类型的振动模式:
- 设备的默认振动
- 点击效果振动
- 双击效果振动
- 重点击效应振动
- 滴答效应振动
注意，我们将使用 Java 语言来实现这个项目。
在安卓系统中实现触觉反馈的步骤
第一步:创建一个空的活动安卓工作室项目
- 创建一个空的活动安卓工作室项目。
- 参考安卓|如何在安卓工作室创建/启动新项目？
- 注意选择 Java 作为编程语言。
步骤 2:使用 activity_main.xml
- 在本讨论中，讨论了四种不同类型的触觉。
- 为了生成触觉，布局中包含了四个不同的按钮。在 activity_main.xml 文件中调用以下代码。
- 确保在MainActivity.java文件中为所有按钮提供适当的标识来处理它们。
可扩展标记语言
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".MainActivity"
tools:ignore="HardcodedText">
<!--Button to generate normal vibration-->
<Button
android:id="@+id/normalVibrationButton"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginTop="64dp"
android:backgroundTint="@color/colorPrimary"
android:text="NORMAL VIBRATION"
android:textColor="@android:color/white" />
<!--Button to generate click vibration-->
<Button
android:id="@+id/clickVibrationButton"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@id/normalVibrationButton"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
android:backgroundTint="@color/colorPrimary"
android:text="CLICK VIBRATION"
android:textColor="@android:color/white" />
<!--Button to generate double click vibration-->
<Button
android:id="@+id/doubleClickVibrationButton"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@id/clickVibrationButton"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
android:backgroundTint="@color/colorPrimary"
android:text="DOUBLE CLICK VIBRATION"
android:textColor="@android:color/white" />
<!--Button to generate tick vibration-->
<Button
android:id="@+id/tickVibrationButton"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@id/doubleClickVibrationButton"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
android:backgroundTint="@color/colorPrimary"
android:text="TICK VIBRATION"
android:textColor="@android:color/white" />
<!--Button to generate heavy click vibration-->
<Button
android:id="@+id/heavyClickVibrationButton"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@id/tickVibrationButton"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
android:backgroundTint="@color/colorPrimary"
android:text="HEAVY CLICK EFFECT VIBRATION"
android:textColor="@android:color/white" />
</RelativeLayout>
输出 UI:
第三步:在 AndroidManifest 文件中调用震动权限
设备的振动需要权限。在 AndroidManifest 文件中调用以下代码。
可扩展标记语言
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.adityamshidlyali.vibrationsinandroid">
<!--vibrate permission which needs to be invoked as we hard
accessing the vibrator hardware of the device-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
步骤 4:使用 MainActivity.java 文件
- 据说有五种不同的振动。对于这五种振动，每一种都有常数。这些是:
默认振幅 - >表示设备的默认振动
效果 _ 点击 - >为单次点击触觉
效果 _ 双击 - >双击视图
效果 _ 重点击 - >为视图的重点击效果
效果 _ 滴答 - >为滴答效果振动
- 在MainActivity.java文件中调用以下代码。代码中添加了注释，以更详细地理解代码。
Java 语言(一种计算机语言，尤用于创建网站)
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.VibrationEffect;
import android.os.Vibrator;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
// buttons for all the types of the vibration effects
Button bNormalVibration, bClickVibration, bDoubleClickVibration, bTickVibration, bHeavyClickVibration;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
// get the VIBRATOR_SERVICE system service
final Vibrator vibrator = (Vibrator) getSystemService(Context.VIBRATOR_SERVICE);
// register all of the buttons with their IDs
bNormalVibration = findViewById(R.id.normalVibrationButton);
bClickVibration = findViewById(R.id.clickVibrationButton);
bDoubleClickVibration = findViewById(R.id.doubleClickVibrationButton);
bTickVibration = findViewById(R.id.tickVibrationButton);
bHeavyClickVibration = findViewById(R.id.heavyClickVibrationButton);
// handle normal vibration button
bNormalVibration.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
final VibrationEffect vibrationEffect1;
// this is the only type of the vibration which requires system version Oreo (API 26)
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
// this effect creates the vibration of default amplitude for 1000ms(1 sec)
vibrationEffect1 = VibrationEffect.createOneShot(1000, VibrationEffect.DEFAULT_AMPLITUDE);
// it is safe to cancel other vibrations currently taking place
vibrator.cancel();
vibrator.vibrate(vibrationEffect1);
}
}
});
// handle click vibration button
bClickVibration.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// this type of vibration requires API 29
final VibrationEffect vibrationEffect2;
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
// create vibrator effect with the constant EFFECT_CLICK
vibrationEffect2 = VibrationEffect.createPredefined(VibrationEffect.EFFECT_CLICK);
// it is safe to cancel other vibrations currently taking place
vibrator.cancel();
vibrator.vibrate(vibrationEffect2);
}
}
});
// handle double click vibration button
bDoubleClickVibration.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
final VibrationEffect vibrationEffect3;
// this type of vibration requires API 29
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
// create vibrator effect with the constant EFFECT_DOUBLE_CLICK
vibrationEffect3 = VibrationEffect.createPredefined(VibrationEffect.EFFECT_DOUBLE_CLICK);
// it is safe to cancel other vibrations currently taking place
vibrator.cancel();
vibrator.vibrate(vibrationEffect3);
}
}
});
// handle tick effect vibration button
bTickVibration.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
final VibrationEffect vibrationEffect4;
// this type of vibration requires API 29
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
// create vibrator effect with the constant EFFECT_TICK
vibrationEffect4 = VibrationEffect.createPredefined(VibrationEffect.EFFECT_TICK);
// it is safe to cancel other vibrations currently taking place
vibrator.cancel();
vibrator.vibrate(vibrationEffect4);
}
}
});
// handle heavy click vibration button
bHeavyClickVibration.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
final VibrationEffect vibrationEffect5;
// this type of vibration requires API 29
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
// create vibrator effect with the constant EFFECT_HEAVY_CLICK
vibrationEffect5 = VibrationEffect.createPredefined(VibrationEffect.EFFECT_HEAVY_CLICK);
// it is safe to cancel other vibrations currently taking place
vibrator.cancel();
vibrator.vibrate(vibrationEffect5);
}
}
});
}
}
输出:
输出应该在物理安卓设备上测试。要知道如何建立一个实体的安卓工作室，请参考如何在真实设备上运行安卓应用？
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