fnmatch–Python 中的 Unix 文件名模式匹配
原文:https://www . geesforgeks . org/fnmatch-UNIX-filename-pattern-matching-python/
该模块用于匹配 Unix shell 风格的通配符。fnmatch()将单个文件名与模式进行比较，如果它们匹配，则返回 TRUE，否则返回 FALSE。 当操作系统使用区分大小写的文件系统时，比较区分大小写。 壳式通配符中使用的特殊字符及其功能有:
- ' *–匹配所有内容
- '？'–匹配任何单个字符
- '[序列]'–匹配序列中的任何字符
- '[！seq]'–匹配任何不在 seq 中的字符
元字符应该用括号括起来，以便进行文字匹配。例如，'[？]“匹配字符？”。
fnmatch 模块提供的功能
-
fnmatch.fnmatch(filename, pattern): This function tests whether the given filename string matches the pattern string and returns a boolean value. If the operating system is case-insensitive, then both parameters will be normalized to all lower-case or upper-case before the comparison is performed.
示例:搜索所有以‘fnmatch’开头，以’结尾的文件的脚本。py
```py
Python program to illustrate
fnmatch.fnmatch(filename, pattern)
import fnmatch import os
pattern = 'fnmatch_*.py' print ('Pattern :', pattern ) print()
files = os.listdir('.') for name in files: print ('Filename: %-25s %s' % (name, fnmatch.fnmatch(name, pattern)) ```
输出:
```py $ python fnmatch_fnmatch.py
Pattern : fnmatch_*.py
Filename: init.py False Filename: fnmatch_filter.py True Filename: fnmatch_fnmatch.py True Filename: fnmatch_fnmatchcase.py True Filename: fnmatch_translate.py True Filename: index.rst False
```
-
fnmatch.fnmatchcase(filename, pattern): This function performs the case sensitive comparison and tests whether the given filename string matches the pattern string and returns a boolean value.
示例:不考虑文件系统和操作系统设置，编写区分大小写的比较脚本。
```py
Python program to illustrate
fnmatch.fnmatchcase(filename, pattern)
import fnmatch import os
pattern = 'FNMATCH_*.PY' print ('Pattern :', pattern) print()
files = os.listdir('.')
for name in files: (print 'Filename: %-25s %s' % (name, fnmatch.fnmatchcase(name, pattern))) ```
输出:
```py $ python fnmatch_fnmatchcase.py
Pattern : FNMATCH_*.PY
Filename: init.py False Filename: fnmatch_filter.py False Filename: FNMATCH_FNMATCH.PY True Filename: fnmatch_fnmatchcase.py False Filename: fnmatch_translate.py False Filename: index.rst False
```
-
fnmatch.filter(names, pattern): This function returns the subset of the list of names passed in the function that match the given pattern.
示例:按多个文件扩展名过滤文件。
```py
Python program to illustrate
fnmatch.filter(names, pattern)
import fnmatch import os
pattern = 'fnmatch_*.py' print ('Pattern :', pattern )
files = os.listdir('.') print ('Files :', files)
print ('Matches :', fnmatch.filter(files, pattern)) ```
输出:
```py $ python fnmatch_filter.py
Pattern : fnmatch_*.py Files : ['init.py', 'fnmatch_filter.py', 'fnmatch_fnmatch.py', 'fnmatch_fnmatchcase.py', 'fnmatch_translate.py', 'index.rst'] Matches : ['fnmatch_filter.py', 'fnmatch_fnmatch.py', 'fnmatch_fnmatchcase.py', 'fnmatch_translate.py']
```
-
fnmatch.translate(pattern): This function returns the shell-style pattern converted to a regular expression for using with re.match() (re.match() will only match at the beginning of the string and not at the beginning of each line).
```py
Python program to illustrate
fnmatch.translate(pattern)
import fnmatch, re
regex = fnmatch.translate('*.txt') reobj = re.compile(regex)
print(regex) print(reobj.match('foobar.txt')) ```
输出:
```py '(?s:.*\.txt)\Z' _sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 10), match='foobar.txt'
```
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